Public Domain

Paul Cézanne

Bathers

1897-1899

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Paul Cézanne

Bathers

Paul Cézanne

Bathers

1897-1899

Physical Qualities Oil on canvas, 10 5/8 x 18 1/8 in. (27 x 46 cm.) Framed: 16 x 23 1/2 x 3 1/2 in. (40.6 x 59.7 x 8.9 cm.)

Credit Line The Cone Collection, formed by Dr. Claribel Cone and Miss Etta Cone of Baltimore, Maryland

Object Number 1950.195

Cézanne’s interest in the motif of bathers in a landscape began in the 1860s, and continued throughout his career. He produced more than two hundred works on the subject, and with them produced a harmonious vision of figures in a landscape in which all of the separate elements—bodies, trees, water, earth—are of equal importance. This painting was included in the large Cézanne retrospective of the Salon d’Automne of 1904, and it may have been there that the Leo and Gertrude Stein first saw it and decided to acquire it. Gertrude Stein subsequently sold the work to the Baltimore collector Etta Cone in 1926, but during the intervening years it was seen by countless artists who visited the Stein apartment.

The Baltimore Museum of Art by bequest, 1949; Etta Cone, Baltimore, by purchase, 1926; Gertrude Stein, Paris, 1913/14; Leo and Gertrude Stein, Paris, October 28, 1904; Ambroise Vollard, Paris; Auguste Pellerin, Paris, Ambroise Vollard, Paris, by purchase; the artist

Sociéte du Salon d'Automne, Paris, "Salon d'Automne", October 15-November 15, 1904.

Adelyn D. Breeskin, The Baltimore Museum of Art, "Cone Collection of Modern Paintings and Sculpture", April 1-December 1, 1930, no. 1.

The Baltimore Museum of Art, "Cone Collection", May 12-October 1, 1934.

Adelyn Breeskin, The Baltimore Museum of Art, "A Century of Baltimore Collecting, 1840-1940", June 6-September 1, 1941.

Gertrude Rosenthal, The Baltimore Museum of Art, "Selections from the Cone Collection", October 7-December 31, 1949, no. 5.

Gertrude Rosenthal, The Baltimore Museum of Art, "Cone Memorial Exhibition", January 13-March 5, 1950.

Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, "Pictures for a Picture of Gertrude Stein as a Collector and Writer on Art and Artists", February 11-March 11, 1951, no. 6; circulated to The Baltimore Museum of Art, March 21-April 21, 1951.

Gertrude Rosenthal, The Baltimore Museum of Art, "From Ingres to Gauguin: French Nineteenth Century Paintings Owned in Maryland", November 13, 1951-December 30, 1951, no. 149.

Gertrude Rosenthal, The Baltimore Museum of Art, "Man and His Years", October 19-November 21, 1954, no. 97.

The Baltimore Museum of Art, M. Knoedler & Company, New York, "The Cone Collection", January 24-February 19, 1955.

The Baltimore Museum of Art, "Twenty-Five Years of Growth", May 29-August 31, 1955.

Henri Dorra, UCLA Art Galleries, "Years of Ferment: The Birth of Twentieth Century Art 1886-1914", January 24-March 7, 1965, no. 1; circulated to The San Francisco Museum of Art, March 28-May 16, 1965; The Cleveland Museum of Art, July 13-August 22, 1965.

Margaret Potter, The Museum of Modern Art, New York, "Four Americans in Paris: The Collections of Gertrude Stein and Her Family", December 19, 1970-March 1, 1971; circulated to The Baltimore Museum of Art, April 4, 1971-June 15, 1971; The San Francisco Museum of Art, September 9-October 31, 1971.

Jane Harrison Cone, The Baltimore Museum of Art, "Cone Collection from The Baltimore Museum of Art", circulated to Wildenstein and Company, New York, March 29-May 4, 1974, no. 3.

William S. Lieberman, The Museum of Modern Art, New York, "Modern Masters: Manet to Matisse", August 4-September 1, 1975, no. 20; circulated to the Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, April 10-May 11, 1975; The National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia, May 28-June 22, 1975.

The Museum of Modern Art, New York, "Cézanne, The Late Work", October 7, 1977-January 3, 1978, no. 35; circulated to the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, January 25 - March 21, 1978; Grand Palais, Paris, April 28-July 23, 1978.

Mary Louise Krumrine, Kunstmuseum Basel, "Paul Cézanne Die Badenden", September 10-December 10, 1989, no. 63. (Exhibited as "Les Baignuers")

Elizabeth Cowling and Jennifer Mundy, Tate Gallery, London, "On Classic Ground: Picasso, Léger, de Chirico and the New Classicism 1910-1930", June 6-September 2, 1990, no. 28.

Brenda Richardson, The Baltimore Museum of Art, "Matisse, Picasso and Impressionist Masters from the Cone Collection", circulated to The Museum of Fine Arts Boston, October 2, 1991-January 19, 1992.

Brenda Richardson, The Baltimore Museum of Art, "Van Gogh to Matisse: Impressionist and Modern Masters from the Cone Collection of The Baltimore Museum of Art", circulated to The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, November 21, 1993-January 30, 1994.

Terence Maloon, The Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, "The Classic Cézanne", November 28, 1998-February 28, 1999, no. 54.

Katherine Rothkopf, The Baltimore Museum of Art, "Cézanne and the Transformed Landscape", May 22-August 25, 2002.

Katherine Rothkopf, The Baltimore Museum of Art, "Matisse Picasso and the School of Paris: Masterpieces from The Baltimore Museum of Art featuring Selections from the Collection of Etta and Claribel Cone", circulated to North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh October 10, 2004-January 16, 2005; The Naples Museum of Art, Naples, Florida (as "Matisse, Picasso and Friends: Impressionism to Surrealism, Masterworks of Painting and Sculpture from The Baltimore Museum of Art)," February 5-May 1, 2005; The Frist Center for the Visual Arts, Nashville (as "Matisse, Picasso, and the School of Paris: Masterpieces from The Baltimore Museum of Art"), March 2-June 3, 2007.

The Walters Art Museum, and the Phoenix Art Museum, The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, "The Repeating Image: Multiples in French Painting from David to Matisse", October 7, 2007-January 1, 2008; circulated to The Phoenix Art Museum, January 20-May 4, 2008.

Gail Stavitsky and Katherine Rothkopf, Montclair Art Museum, New Jersey, "Cézanne and American Modernism", September 12, 2009-January 3, 2010, no. 18; circulated to The Baltimore Museum of Art, February 14-May 23, 2010; The Phoenix Art Museum, July 3-September 26, 2010.

The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the Réunion des Musées Nationaux-Grand Palais, Paris and The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, "The Steins Collect: Matisse, Picasso, and the Parisian Avant-Garde", May 21-September 6, 2011, no. 14; circulated to Réunion des Musées Nationaux-Grand Palais, Paris, October 3, 2011-January 16, 2012; The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, February 21-June 3, 2012.

Percy North, BMA, "Max Weber: Bringing Paris to New York," March 3-June 30 2013.

Sociéte de Salon d'Automne, "Catalogue de Peinture, Dessin, Sculpture, Gravure, Architecture et Arts Décoratifs exposes au Grand Palais des Champs-Élysées," Paris: Sociéte de Salon d'Automne, 1904, p. 107.

Maurice Denis, "Cézanne," "Kunstbladet," November 1909, p. 281, ill. (published as "Figurkomposition").

Albert Dreyfus, "Paul Cézanne," "Zeitschrift für bildende Kunst," 1913, vol. XXIV, no. 9, p. 199, ill. (published as "Akte in Landschaft").

Ambroise Vollard, "Paul Cézanne," Paris: Galerie A. Vollard, 1915, p. 146, pl. 48, ill.

Ambroise Vollard, "Paul Cézanne: Huit Phototypies d'après Cézanne," Paris: Les Éditions G. Crès et Cie, 1919, p. 48, ill.

Ambroise Vollard, "Paul Cézanne: Huit Phototypies d'Après Cézanne" Paris: Les Éditions G. Crès et Cie, 1924, p. 49, ill.

The Baltimore Museum of Art, "Cone Collection of Modern Paintings and Sculpture," Baltimore: The Baltimore Museum of Art, 1930, pp.5, 8, no. 1, ill.

"In the Cone Collection at the Museum Next Month," "The Baltimore Sun," March 23, 1930, p. P2, ill.

Etta Cone, "The Cone Collection of Baltimore-Maryland," Baltimore: Etta Cone, 1934, p. 23, pl. 23, ill. (published as "Les Baigneurs").

Lionello Venturi, "Cézanne: Son Art-Son Oeuvre," Paris: Paul Rosenberg Éditeur, 1936, pp. 221, 393, no. 724, pl. 238, ill. (published as "Les Baigneurs").

Baltimore Museum of Art, "A Century of Baltimore Collecting 1840-1940," Baltimore: The Baltimore Museum of Art, 1941, p. 79.

Jane Watson Crane, "Baltimore Shows French Art," "The Washington Post," August 17, 1947, p. L5.

George Boas, Adelyn D. Breeskin and J.G. D'Arcy Paul, "Selections from the Cone Collection," "News of The Baltimore Museum of Art," October 1949, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 11, 13, no. 5, ill.

"$3,000,000 Art Collection," "Look Magazine," April 25, 1950, vol. 14, no. 9, p. 105, ill.

"Dr. Claribel and Miss Etta, Collectors," "Art News," vol. XLVIII, no. 9, January 1950, p. 40.

Doris Brian, "The Baltimore Museum's Cone Collection: A Pointed Star," "The Art Digest," January 15, 1950, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 7, 8, ill. p. 7.

Gertrude Rosenthal, "Cone Memorial Exhibition," "News of The Baltimore Museum of Art," January-February, 1950, vol. XIII, nos. 4, 5, p. 13.

Clive Bell, "Modern French Painting: The Cone Collection," Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1951, pp. 10, 13, p. 10, ill.

Henry McBride, "Pictures for a Picture of Gertrude," "Art News," February 1951, vol. XLIX, no. 10, p. 18, ill.

Gertrude Rosenthal, "From Ingres to Gauguin: French Nineteenth Century Paintings Owned in Maryland," Baltimore: The Baltimore Museum of Art, 1951, pp. 13, 41, no. 149.

Yale University Art Gallery, "Pictures for a Picture of Gertrude stein as a Collector and Writer on Art and Artists," New Haven: Yale University Press, 1951, pp. 21-22, no. 6, ill.

Maurice Raynal, "Cézanne," Lausanne: Skira, 1954, pp. 98, 132, 134, p. 98, ill.

Gertrude Rosenthal, "Man and His Years," Baltimore: The Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, 1954, pp. 19, 35, no. 97, ill.

George Boas, Adelyn Breeskin, and Gertrude Rosenthal, "Cone Collection: A Handbook with a Catalogue of Paintings and Sculpture," Baltimore: The Baltimore Museum of Art, 1955, pp. 15, 24, 27, no. 10, ill.

Mary Louise Kemp, "Cézanne's Critics," "News of The Baltimore Museum of Art," December 1957, vol. XXI, no. 2, p. 15, ill.

Leslie Judd Portner, "Worthy Home for Cone Collection," "The Washington Post and Times Herald," August 25, 1957, p. E7.

Elizabeth Sprigge, "Gertrude Stein: Her Life and Work," New York: Harper & Brothers, 1957, pp. vii, 53, n.p. ill.

Eloise Spaeth, "American Art Museums and Galleries: An Introduction to Looking," New York: Harper & Bros, 1960, p. 50.

Barbara Pollack, "The Collectors: Dr. Claribel and Miss Etta Cone," Indianapolis: The Bobbs Merrill Company, Inc., 1962, pp. 214, 216, ill. p. 176.

Henri Dorra, "Years of Ferment: The Birth of Twentieth Century Art 1886-1914," Los Angeles: The UCLA Art Council, 1965, p. 81, no. 1.

Herbert and Marjorie Katz, "Museums, U.S.A.: A History and Guide," New York: Doubleday & Company Inc., 1965, p. 31.

George Boas, Adelyn Breeskin, and Gertrude Rosenthal, "Paintings, Sculpture, and Drawings in the Cone Collection," Baltimore: The Baltimore Museum of Art, 1967, pp. 17, 19, 65, no. 10, ill.

James R. Mellow, "The Stein Salon was the First Museum of Modern Art," "The New York Times," December 1, 1968, p. 187, ill.

Chuji Ikegami, "Cézanne," Tokyo: Shueisha, 1969, p. 138, pl. 65, ill.

Edward Burns, ed., "Gertrude Stein on Picasso," New York: Liveright, 1970, p. 7, ill.

The Museum of Modern Art, "Four Americans in Paris: The Collections of Gertrude Stein and Her Family," New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1970, pp. 53, 61, 80, 89, 93, 155, pl. 20, ill. pp. 53, 61, 89, 93.

Douglas Cooper, Irene Gordon, Lucile M. Golson, Ellen B. Hirschland, Leon Katz and William Voss Elder, III, "Four Americans in Paris: The Collections of Gertrude Stein and Her Family," Baltimore: The Baltimore Museum of Art, 1971, p. 9.

Bennard Perlman, "Art," "Baltimore Magazine," April 1971, p. 82.

The Baltimore Museum of Art, "Cone Collection from the Baltimore Museum of Art: A Benefit Exhibition at Wildenstein," Baltimore: The Baltimore Museum of Art, 1974, no. 3.

Janet Hobhouse, "Everybody Who Was Anybody: A Biography of Gertrude Stein," New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1975, pp. 38, 56, ill. (published as "Grandes Baigneuses").

William S. Lieberman, ed., "Modern Masters: Manet to Matisse," New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1975, pp. 62-63, 263, no. 20, ill.

Pontus Hulten, "Paris-New York," Paris: Centre Georges Pompidou, Musée National d'Art Moderne, 1977, p. 190, ill.

William Rubin, ed., "Cézanne: The Late Work," New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1977, pp. 44, 381, 397-398, pl. 201, ill.

Leo Steinberg, "Resisting Cézanne: Picasso's 'Three Women',""Art in America," November/December 1978, vol. 66, no. 6, pp. 116, 118, 121, fig. 9, ill.

Israel Rosen, "The Cone Sisters: Myths, Realities and Some Conjectures," "Helicon Nine, the Journal of Women's Arts and Letters," Winter 1983, no. 9, p. 85.

Nicholas Watkins, "Matisse," Oxford: Phaidon, 1984, pp. 85-86, 234, 237, no. 65, ill.

Brenda Richardson, "Dr. Claribel & Miss Etta: The Cone Collection of The Baltimore Museum of Art," Baltimore: The Baltimore Museum of Art, 1985, pp. 110, 176.

"Asahi Graph Special Issue on Art: Volume Cézanne," Tokyo: Orion Press, 1988, no. 47, ill. (published as "Les Baignuers").

Sidney Geist, "Interpreting Cézanne," Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988, pp. 242-243, 290, 295, pl. 205, ill. (published as "Six Bathers").

Jacques Teboul, "Les Victoires de Cézanne," Paris: Adam Biro, 1988, pp. 90-91, 116, fig. 54, ill. (published as "Baigneurs").

Mary Louise Krumrine, "Paul Cézanne Die Badenden," Basel: Öffentliche Kunstsammlung, 1989, pp. 183, 190, 197, 315, no. 63, pl. 167, ill. (published as "Les Baigneurs").

John Rewald, "Cézanne and America: Dealers, Collectors, Artists and Critics 1891-1921," Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989, pp. 56, 58, 347, fig. 34, ill.

Renate Stendhal, "Gertrude Stein: Ein Leben in Bildern und Texten," Zurich: Arche, 1989, pp. 50, 60, ill.

Elizabeth Cowling and Jennifer Mundy, "On Classic Ground: Picasso, Léger, de Chirico and the New Classicism 1910-1930," London: Tate Gallery, 1990, pp. 69, 260, no. 28, ill.

Carol Vogel, "The Art Market," "The New York Times," June 4, 1993, n.p.

Jay M. Fisher, "Drawings from the Collection of Claribel and Etta Cone at the Baltimore Museum of Art," "Drawing: The International Review published by The Drawing Society," Vol. XVII, No.1, May - June 1995, p. 4.

John Rewald, Walter Feilchenfeldt and Jayne Warman, "The Paintings of Paul Cézanne: A Catalogue Raisonné," New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1996, pp. 302, 514-515, no. 861, ill.

Nobuyuki Senzoku and Akira Tomita, "Matisse and Modern Masters from the Cone Collection of The Baltimore Museum of Art," Tokyo: Brain Trust Inc., 1996, p. 36, fig. 20, ill.

Terence Maloon, "The Classic Cézanne," Sydney, Australia: Art Gallery of New South Wales, 1998, p. 183, no. 54, ill.

John O'Brian, "Ruthless Hedonism: The American Reception of Matisse," Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1999, pp. 81, 274.

Sona K. Johnston and William R. Johnston, "The Triumph of French Painting: Masterpieces from Ingres to Matisse," London: Scala Publishers, 2000, pp. 31-32, 155.

Charles Darwent, "Double Vision," "The Independent," June 17, 2001, pp. 20-21, p. 20, ill.

Jay Fisher, "Dr. Claribel and Miss Etta Cone: A Collection of Modern Art for Baltimore," in Rosella Mamoli Zorzi, ed., "Before Peggy Guggenheim: American Woman Art Collectors," Venice: Marsilio, 2001, p. 120.

Diane Tepfer, "Samuel Halpert Art and Life 1884-1930," New York: Millenium Partners, 2001, p. 36, fig. 22, ill.

Donald Miller, "A Coup for Naples," "Naples Daily News," February 4, 2005, p. 7D.

Eik Kahng, ed., "The Repeating Image: Multiples in French Painting from David to Matisse," New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008, pp. 140-141, 142, 197, fig. 14, ill.

Ellen B. Hirschland and Nancy Hirschland Ramage, "The Cone Sisters of Baltimore: Collecting at Full Tilt," Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2008, pp. 112-117, 220, 274, fig. 5.13, ill.

Gail Stavitsky and Katherine Rothkopf, eds., "Cézanne and American Modernism," Montclair, NJ: Montclair Art Museum and The Baltimore Museum of Art, 2009, pp. 25, 45, 82, 84, 92, 94, 99, 160, 239, 322, 323, 349, 360, 369, fig. 3, no.18, ill.

The Baltimore Museum of Art, "Cézanne and American Modernism," "BMA Today," Winter-Spring 2010, ill. p. 7.

Patricia McDonnell and Emily Stamey, eds., "Art of Our Time: Selections from the Ulrich Museum of Art, Wichita State University," Wichita: Edwin A. Ulrich Museum of Art, Wichita State University, 2010, p. 32, ill.

Janet Bishop, Cécile Debray, and Rebecca Rabinow, eds., "The Steins Collect: Matisse, Picasso, and the Parisian Avant-Garde," San Francisco: The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, 2011, pp. 72-73, 363, 369, 372-373, 374, 397, 458, 483, no. 14, pls. 36, 348, 354, 358, 359, ill.

Fillion, Susan. Miss Etta and Dr. Claribel: Bringing Matisse to America. Boston: David R. Godine, 2011, page 63.

Ian Jenkins, "Defining beauty: the body in ancient Greek art," London: The British Museum Press, 2015, fig. 31, color ill., p. 63.

Stacey B. Epstein, "Alfred Maurer, At the Vanguard of Modernism", Massachusetts: Addison Gallery of American Art, Phillips Academy, 2015, pp. 172, ill.

Editors: Higuchi, Sharbie, Challis Davy, Diane, and Duling, Dan, "Festival of Arts Laguna Beach California: Pageant of the Masters, Official Souvenir Program" California: Summer 2016, pp. 31.

Inscribed: Recto: There are no visible inscriptions on the recto. Verso: The painting has been glue lined and there are no visible inscriptions on the verso.